To get familiarize with various troubleshooting utilities like ping, ipconfig, arp, traceroute, mtr,tcpdump, windump, nslookup and netstat.

Include the following source Code in Document Environment in your LaTeX File

Source Code:

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%% Practical 3
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\newpage
\section{\emph{To get familiarize with various troubleshooting utilities.}}
\textbf{ping}\\
PING command is the best way to test connectivity between two nodes.
Whether it is (LAN) or (WAN). Ping use ICMP to communicate to other devices.
You can ping host name of ip address using below command.ping uses the ICMP protocol’s
mandatory ECHO\_\ REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMPECHO\_\ RESPONSE from a host or gateway.
ECHO\_\ REQUEST datagrams have an IPand ICMP header,followed by a struct
timeval and then an arbitrary number of “pad” bytes used to fill out the packet.\\
\textbf{SYNOPSIS}\\
ping -s [-d] [-l] [-L] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-v] [ -i interface\_\ address ] [-I interval] [-t ttl] host [packetsize]
[count]\\
\textbf{OPTIONS :}\\
\textbf{-d}\\
Set the SO\_\ DEBUG socket option.
\textbf{-l}\\
Loose source route. Use this option in the IP header to send the packet to the given host and back
again. Usually specified with the -R option.\\
\textbf{-L}\\
Turn off loopback of multicast packets. Normally, if there are members in the host group on the out-
going interface, a copy of the multicast packets will be delivered to the local machine.\\
\textbf{-n}\\
Show network addresses as numbers. ping normally displays addresses as host names.\\
\textbf{-r}\\
Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached network. If the host is
not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned. \\
\textbf{-R}\\
Record route. Sets the IP record route option, which will store the route of the packet inside the IP
header.\\
\textbf{-v}\\
Verbose output. List any ICMP packets, other than ECHO\_\ RESPONSE, that are received.\\
\textbf{-i interface\_\ address}

%%%%%% PLEASE do get printed Next Pages From Practical 3.pdf

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